System and Method for Managing Audio and Video Channels for Video Game Players and Spectators

ABSTRACT

A computer-implemented system and method are described for managing audio chat for an online video game or application. For example, a system according to one embodiment comprises: an online video game or application execution engine to execute an online video game or application in response to input from one or more users of the video game or application and to responsively generate audio and video of the video game or application; and a chat subsystem to establish audio chat sessions with the one or more users and one or more spectators to the video game or application, the chat subsystem establishing a plurality of audio chat channels including a spectator channel over which the spectators participate in audio chat and a user channel over which the users participate in audio chat.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/138,043, filed on Apr. 25, 2016, and entitled, “System and Method forManaging Audio and Video Channels for Video Game Players andSpectators,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/495,904, filed Jun. 13, 2012, and entitled, “System and Method forManaging Audio and Video Channels for Video Game Players and Spectators”(since issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,339,728 on May 17, 2016), which claimspriority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/497,453, filed Jun. 15,2011, entitled, “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANAGING AUDIO AND VIDEO CHANNELSFOR VIDEO GAME PLAYERS AND SPECTATORS.” U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/495,904 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/538,077, filed Aug. 7, 2009, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FORACCELERATED MACHINE SWITCHING” (since issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,138,644on Sep. 22, 2015), which claims priority to U.S. Provisional ApplicationSer. No. 61/210,888, filed Mar. 23, 2009. U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/495,904 is a continuation-in-part (CIP) application of Ser. No.10/315,460 filed Dec. 10, 2002 entitled, “APPARATUS AND METHOD FORWIRELESS VIDEO GAMING,” (since issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,849,491 on Dec.7, 2010) The disclosures of the above referenced applications areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of data processingsystems and particularly to a system and method for managing audiochannels such as voice or video chat channels for computer games.

2. Description of the Related Art

Some current networked multi-player video games support audiocommunication between game participants. For example, the well known“Battlefield” franchise of first person shooter games allow participantsto join a team with one or more other players and to communicate withthe other members of the team using voice chat.

The video game program code used for multiplayer games is executed oneach individual user's computer and audio communication channels areestablished between computers to enable voice chat. In thisconfiguration, each user's voice is packetized at the client computer onwhich the user is playing the game and broadcast to all of the otherplayers on the user's team. In some implementations, the voice istransmitted to a server which then redistributes the audio to each ofthe players.

However, current multi-player games provide limited control over theusers to be included in verbal communication sessions. For example,inter-player communication is typically limited to team members and isnot configurable on a player-by-player basis. Consequently, what isneeded is a video gaming platform which provides for more configurableaudio chat options. For example, it would be beneficial to allow usersto open multiple audio chat communication channels with differentcategories of other players as well as non-players (e.g., spectators) ofonline video games.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure will be understood more fully from the detaileddescription that follows and from the accompanying drawings, whichhowever, should not be taken to limit the disclosed subject matter tothe specific embodiments shown, but are for explanation andunderstanding only.

FIG. 1 illustrates a system architecture for executing online videogames according to one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates different communication channels over which an onlinevideo game may be played in accordance with one embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of a system architecture forcompressing audio/video generated by a video game.

FIGS. 4-8 illustrate embodiments of a graphical user interface (GUI) fornavigating a video game hosting service and viewing online video games.

FIGS. 9a-b illustrate one embodiment of a system for providing audiochat functions for an online video game.

FIGS. 10-12 illustrate one embodiment of a system for managing voicechat channels.

FIG. 13 illustrates one embodiment of a graphical user interface forjoining a voice chat channel of an online video game.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

In the following description specific details are set forth, such asdevice types, system configurations, communication methods, etc., inorder to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure.However, persons having ordinary skill in the relevant arts willappreciate that these specific details may not be needed to practice theembodiments described.

The assignee of the present application has developed an online videogaming and application hosting system. Certain embodiments of thissystem are described, for example, in U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/538,077, filed Aug. 7, 2009, entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FORACCELERATED MACHINE SWITCHING (hereinafter '077 application) whichclaims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/210,888,filed Mar. 23, 2009, and is a continuation-in-part (CIP) application ofSer. No. 10/315,460 filed Dec. 10, 2002 entitled, “APPARATUS AND METHODFOR WIRELESS VIDEO GAMING”, which is assigned to the assignee of thepresent CIP application. These applications are sometimes referred to asthe “co-pending applications” and are incorporated herein by reference.A brief description of certain pertinent aspects of the online videogame and application hosting system described in the co-pendingapplications will now be provided, following by a detailed descriptionof a system and method for managing audio channels such as voice chatchannels for computer games.

An Exemplary Online Video Game and Application Hosting System

FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a video game/application HostingService 210 described in the co-pending applications. The HostingService 210 hosts applications running on Servers 402, that accept inputfrom an input device 421, received by Home or Office Client 415, andsent through the Internet 410 to Hosting Service 210. The Servers 402are responsive to the input, and update their video and audio outputaccordingly which is compressed through Low-Latency Video Compression404. The compressed video is then streamed through the Internet 410 tobe decompressed by the Home or Office Client 415, and then displayed onMonitor or SD/HDTV 422. This system is a low-latency streaminginteractive video system as more thoroughly described in theaforementioned “co-pending applications.” One of the primary features ofthis system is that the operations of transmitting control signals fromthe client 415 as the user plays the video game or uses the application(e.g., via a game controller or other input device), receiving thecontrol signals and responsively executing the video game or applicationon one of the servers 402, compressing the resulting video content withlow latency compression 404, and streaming the video content to theclient where it decoded and rendered, occurs with a latency such thatthe user perceives that the video game or application is respondinginstantly to the control signals. In one embodiment described in theco-pending applications, this latency is a sub-100 ms latency, althoughthe underlying principles of the invention are not limited to anyparticular latency value.

As shown in FIG. 2, the network connection between the Hosting Service210 Home and Office Client 415 may be implemented through a wide rangeof network technologies, of varying degrees of reliability, such aswired or optical fiber technologies that are typically more reliable andwireless technologies that may be subject to unpredictable interferenceor range limitations (e.g. Wi-Fi) and are typically less reliable. Anyof these client devices may have their own user input devices (e.g.,keyboards, buttons, touch screens, track pads or inertial sensors,position sensors, wands, video capture cameras and/or motion-trackingcameras, etc.), or they may use external input devices 421 (e.g.,keyboards, mice, game controllers, inertial sensors, position senor,wands, video capture cameras and/or motion tracking cameras, etc.),connected with wires or wirelessly. As described in greater detailbelow, the hosting service 210 includes servers of various levels ofperformance, including those with high-powered CPU/GPU processingcapabilities. During playing of a game or use of an application on thehosting service 210, a home or office client device 415 receives controlsignals 406 from input device 421 from the user, and then it transmitsthe controller input through the Internet 410 to the hosting service 210that executes the gaming program code in response and generatessuccessive frames of video output (a sequence of video images) for thegame or application software (e.g., if the user presses a button whichwould direct a character on the screen to move to the right, the gameprogram would then create a sequence of video images showing thecharacter moving to the right). This sequence of video images is thencompressed using a low-latency video compressor, and the hosting service210 then transmits the low-latency video stream through the Internet410. The home or office client device then decodes the compressed videostream and renders the decompressed video images on a monitor or TV.

Consequently, the computing and graphical hardware requirements of theclient device 415 are significantly reduced. The client 415 only needsto have the processing power to forward the input device 421 controlsignals 406 through the Internet 410 and decode and decompress acompressed video stream received from the Internet 410, which virtuallyany personal computer is capable of doing today in software on its CPU(e.g., a Intel Corporation Core Duo CPU running at approximately 2 GHzis capable of decompressing 720p HDTV encoded using compressors such asH.264 and Windows Media VC9). And, in the case of any client devices,dedicated chips can also perform video decompression for such standardsin real-time at far lower cost and with far less power consumption thana general-purpose CPU such as would be required for a modern PC.Notably, to perform the function of forwarding controller input anddecompressing video, home client devices 415 do not require anyspecialized graphics processing units (GPUs), optical drive or harddrives.

As games and applications software become more complex and morephoto-realistic, they will require higher-performance CPUs, GPUs, moreRAM, and larger and faster disk drives, and the computing power at thehosting service 210 may be continually upgraded, but the end user willnot be required to update the home or office client platform 415 sinceits processing requirements will remain constant for a displayresolution and frame rate with a given video decompression algorithm.Thus, the hardware limitations and compatibility issues seen today donot exist in the system illustrated in FIG. 1.

Further, because the game and application software executes only inservers in the hosting service 210, there never is a copy of the game orapplication software (either in the form of physical optical media suchas a DVD-ROM, or as downloaded software) in the user's home or office(“office” as used herein unless otherwise qualified shall include anynon-residential setting, including, schoolrooms, for example). Thissignificantly mitigates the likelihood of a game or application softwarebeing illegally copied (pirated), as well as mitigating the likelihoodof a valuable database that might be use by a game or applicationssoftware being pirated. Indeed, if specialized servers are required(e.g., requiring very expensive, large or noisy equipment) to play thegame or application software that are not practical for home or officeuse, then even if a pirated copy of the game or application softwarewere obtained, it would not be operable in the home or office.

In one embodiment, the hosting service 210 provides software developmenttools to the game or application software developers (which refersgenerally to software development companies, game or movie studios, orgame or applications software publishers) which design video games sothat they may design games capable of being executed on the hostingservice 210. Such tools allow developers to exploit features of thehosting service that would not normally be available in a standalone PCor game console (e.g., fast access to very large databases of complexgeometry (“geometry” unless otherwise qualified shall be used herein torefer to polygons, textures, rigging, lighting, behaviors and othercomponents and parameters that define 3D datasets)).

Different business models are possible under this architecture. Underone model, the hosting service 210 collects a subscription fee from theend user and pays a royalty to the developers. In an alternateimplementation, the developers collect a subscription fee directly fromthe user and pays the hosting service 210 for hosting the game orapplication content. These underlying principles are not limited to anyparticular business model for providing online gaming or applicationhosting.

FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of components of a server center forhosting service 210 utilized in the following feature descriptions.Inbound internet traffic 1501 from user clients 415 is directed toinbound routing 1502. Typically, inbound internet traffic 1501 willenter the server center via a high-speed fiber optic connection to theInternet, but any network connection means of adequate bandwidth,reliability and low latency will suffice. Inbound routing 1502 is asystem of network (the network can be implemented as an Ethernetnetwork, a fiber channel network, or through any other transport means)switches and routing servers supporting the switches which takes thearriving packets and routes each packet to the appropriateapplication/game (“app/game”) server 1521-1525. In one embodiment, apacket which is delivered to a particular app/game server represents asubset of the data received from the client and/or may betranslated/changed by other components (e.g., networking components suchas gateways and routers) within the data center. In some cases, packetswill be routed to more than one server 1521-1525 at a time, for example,if a game or application is running on multiple servers at once inparallel. RAID arrays 1511-1512 are connected to the inbound routingnetwork 1502, such that the app/game servers 1521-1525 can read andwrite to the RAID arrays 1511-1512. Further, a RAID array 1515 (whichmay be implemented as multiple RAID arrays) is also connected to theinbound routing 1502 and data from RAID array 1515 can be read fromapp/game servers 1521-1525. The inbound routing 1502 may be implementedin a wide range of prior art network architectures, including a treestructure of switches, with the inbound internet traffic 1501 at itsroot; in a mesh structure interconnecting all of the various devices; oras an interconnected series of subnets, with concentrated trafficamongst intercommunicating device segregated from concentrated trafficamongst other devices. One type of network configuration is a SAN which,although typically used for storage devices, it can also be used forgeneral high-speed data transfer among devices. Also, the app/gameservers 1521-1525 may each have multiple network connections to theinbound routing 1502. For example, a server 1521-1525 may have a networkconnection to a subnet attached to RAID Arrays 1511-1512 and anothernetwork connection to a subnet attached to other devices.

The app/game servers 1521-1525 may all be configured the same, somedifferently, or all differently, as previously described in relation toservers 402 in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1. In one embodiment,each user, when using the hosting service is typically using at leastone app/game server 1521-1525. For the sake of simplicity ofexplanation, we shall assume a given user is using app/game server 1521,but multiple servers could be used by one user, and multiple users couldshare a single app/game server 1521-1525. The user's control input, sentfrom client 415 as previously described is received as inbound Internettraffic 1501, and is routed through inbound routing 1502 to app/gameserver 1521. App/game server 1521 uses the user's control input ascontrol input to the game or application running on the server, andcomputes the next frame of video and the audio associated with it.App/game server 1521 then outputs the uncompressed video/audio 1529 toshared video compression 1530. App/game server may output theuncompressed video via any means, including one or more Gigabit Ethernetconnections, but in one embodiment the video is output via a DVIconnection and the audio and other compression and communication channelstate information is output via a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connection.

The shared video compression 1530 compresses the uncompressed video andaudio from the app/game servers 1521-1525. The compression maybeimplemented entirely in hardware, or in hardware running software. Theremay a dedicated compressor for each app/game server 1521-1525, or if thecompressors are fast enough, a given compressor can be used to compressthe video/audio from more than one app/game server 1521-1525. Forexample, at 60 fps a video frame time is 16.67 ms. If a compressor isable to compress a frame in 1 ms, then that compressor could be used tocompress the video/audio from as many as 16 app/game servers 1521-1525by taking input from one server after another, with the compressorsaving the state of each video/audio compression process and switchingcontext as it cycles amongst the video/audio streams from the servers.This results in substantial cost savings in compression hardware. Sincedifferent servers will be completing frames at different times, in oneembodiment, the compressor resources are in a shared pool 1530 withshared storage means (e.g., RAM, Flash) for storing the state of eachcompression process, and when a server 1521-1525 frame is complete andready to be compressed, a control means determines which compressionresource is available at that time, provides the compression resourcewith the state of the server's compression process and the frame ofuncompressed video/audio to compress.

Note that part of the state for each server's compression processincludes information about the compression itself, such as the previousframe's decompressed frame buffer data which may be used as a referencefor P tiles, the resolution of the video output; the quality of thecompression; the tiling structure; the allocation of bits per tiles; thecompression quality, the audio format (e.g., stereo, surround sound,Dolby® AC-3). But the compression process state also includescommunication channel state information regarding the peak data rate andwhether a previous frame is currently being output (and as result thecurrent frame should be ignored), and potentially whether there arechannel characteristics which should be considered in the compression,such as excessive packet loss, which affect decisions for thecompression (e.g., in terms of the frequency of I tiles, etc). As thepeak data rate or other channel characteristics change over time, asdetermined by an app/game server 1521-1525 supporting each usermonitoring data sent from the client 415, the app/game server 1521-1525sends the relevant information to the shared hardware compression 1530.

The shared hardware compression 1530 also packetizes the compressedvideo/audio using means such as those previously described, and ifappropriate, applying FEC codes, duplicating certain data, or takingother steps to as to adequately ensure the ability of the video/audiodata stream to be received by the client 415 and decompressed with ashigh a quality and reliability as feasible.

Some applications, such as those described below, require thevideo/audio output of a given app/game server 1521-1525 to be availableat multiple resolutions (or in other multiple formats) simultaneously.If the app/game server 1521-1525 so notifies the shared hardwarecompression 1530 resource, then the uncompressed video audio 1529 ofthat app/game server 1521-1525 will be simultaneously compressed indifferent formats, different resolutions, and/or in differentpacket/error correction structures. In some cases, some compressionresources can be shared amongst multiple compression processescompressing the same video/audio (e.g., in many compression algorithms,there is a step whereby the image is scaled to multiple sizes beforeapplying compression. If different size images are required to beoutput, then this step can be used to serve several compressionprocesses at once). In other cases, separate compression resources willbe required for each format. In any case, the compressed video/audio1539 of all of the various resolutions and formats required for a givenapp/game server 1521-1525 (be it one or many) will be output at once tooutbound routing 1540. In one embodiment the output of the compressedvideo/audio 1539 is in UDP format, so it is a unidirectional stream ofpackets.

The outbound routing network 1540 comprises a series of routing serversand switches which direct each compressed video/audio stream to theintended user(s) or other destinations through outbound Internet traffic1599 interface (which typically would connect to a fiber interface tothe Internet) and/or back to the delay buffer 1515, and/or back to theinbound routing 1502, and/or out through a private network (not shown)for video distribution. Note that (as described below) the outboundrouting 1540 may output a given video/audio stream to multipledestinations at once. In one embodiment this is implemented usingInternet Protocol (IP) multicast in which a given UDP stream intended tobe streamed to multiple destinations at once is broadcasted, and thebroadcast is repeated by the routing servers and switches in theoutbound routing 1540. The multiple destinations of the broadcast may beto multiple users' clients 415 via the Internet, to multiple app/gameservers 1521-1525 via inbound routing 1502, and/or to one or more delaybuffers 1515. Thus, the output of a given server 1521-1522 is compressedinto one or multiple formats, and each compressed stream is directed toone or multiple destinations.

Further, in another embodiment, if multiple app/game servers 1521-1525are used simultaneously by one user (e.g., in a parallel processingconfiguration to create the 3D output of a complex scene) and eachserver is producing part of the resulting image, the video output ofmultiple servers 1521-1525 can be combined by the shared hardwarecompression 1530 into a combined frame, and from that point forward itis handled as described above as if it came from a single app/gameserver 1521-1525.

Note that in one embodiment, a copy (in at least the resolution orhigher of video viewed by the user) of all video generated by app/gameservers 1521-1525 is recorded in delay buffer 1515 for at least somenumber of minutes (15 minutes in one embodiment). This allows each userto “rewind” the video from each session in order to review previous workor exploits (in the case of a game). Thus, in one embodiment, eachcompressed video/audio output 1539 stream being routed to a user client415 is also being multicasted to a delay buffer 1515. When thevideo/audio is stored on a delay buffer 1515, a directory on the delaybuffer 1515 provides a cross reference between the network address ofthe app/game server 1521-1525 that is the source of the delayedvideo/audio and the location on the delay buffer 1515 where the delayedvideo/audio can be found.

App/game servers 1521-1525 may not only be used for running a givenapplication or video game for a user, but they may also be used forcreating the user interface applications for the hosting service 210that supports navigation through hosting service 210 and other features.A screen shot of one such user interface application is shown in FIG. 4,a “Game Finder” screen. This particular user interface screen allows auser to watch 15 games that are being played live (or delayed) by otherusers. Each of the “thumbnail” video windows, such as 1600 is a livevideo window in motion showing the video from one user's game. The viewshown in the thumbnail may be the same view that the user is seeing, orit may be a delayed view (e.g., if a user is playing a combat game, auser may not want other users to see where she is hiding and she maychoose to delay any view of her gameplay by a period of time, say 10minutes). The view may also be a camera view of a game that is differentfrom any user's view. Through menu selections (not shown in thisillustration), a user may choose a selection of games to view at once,based on a variety of criteria. As a small sampling of exemplarychoices, the user may select a random selection of games, all of onekind of games (all being played by different players), only thetop-ranked players of a game, players at a given level in the game, orlower-ranked players (e.g., if the player is learning the basics),players who are “buddies” (or are rivals), games that have the mostnumber of viewers, etc.

Note that generally, each user will decide whether the video from his orher game or application can be viewed by others and, if so, whichothers, and when it may be viewed by others, whether it is only viewablewith a delay.

The app/game server 1521-1525 that is generating the user interfacescreen shown in FIG. 4 acquires the 15 video/audio feeds by sending amessage to the app/game server 1521-1525 for each user whose game it isrequesting from. The message is sent through the inbound routing 1502 oranother network. The message will include the size and format of thevideo/audio requested, and will identify the user viewing the userinterface screen. A given user may choose to select “privacy” mode andnot permit any other users to view video/audio of his game (either fromhis point of view or from another point of view), or as described in theprevious paragraph, a user may choose to allow viewing of video/audiofrom her game, but delay the video/audio viewed. A user app/game server1521-1525 receiving and accepting a request to allow its video/audio tobe viewed will acknowledge as such to the requesting server, and it willalso notify the shared hardware compression 1530 of the need to generatean additional compressed video stream in the requested format or screensize (assuming the format and screen size is different than one alreadybeing generated), and it will also indicate the destination for thecompressed video (i.e., the requesting server). If the requestedvideo/audio is only delayed, then the requesting app/game server1521-1525 will be so notified, and it will acquire the delayedvideo/audio from a delay buffer 1515 by looking up the video/audio'slocation in the directory on the delay buffer 1515 and the networkaddress of the app/game server 1521-1525 that is the source of thedelayed video/audio. Once all of these requests have been generated andhandled, up to 15 live thumbnail-sized video streams will be routed fromthe outbound routing 1540 to the inbound routing 1502 to the app/gameserver 1521-1525 generating the user interface screen, and will bedecompressed and displayed by the server. Delayed video/audio streamsmay be in too large a screen size, and if so, the app/game server1521-1525 will decompress the streams and scale down the video streamsto thumbnail size. In one embodiment, requests for audio/video are sentto (and managed by) a central “management” service similar to thehosting service control system of FIG. 1 which then redirects therequests to the appropriate app/game server 1521-1525. Moreover, in oneembodiment, no request may be required because the thumbnails are“pushed” to the clients of those users that allow it.

The audio from 15 games all mixed simultaneously might create acacophony of sound. The user may choose to mix all of the soundstogether in this way (perhaps just to get a sense of the “din” createdby all the action being viewed), or the user may choose to just listento the audio from one game at a time. The selection of a single game isaccomplished by moving the yellow selection box 1601 (appearing as ablack rectangular outline in the black-and-white rendering of FIG. 4) toa given game (the yellow box movement can be accomplished by using arrowkeys on a keyboard, by moving a mouse, by moving a joystick, or bypushing directional buttons on another device such as a mobile phone).Once a single game is selected, just the audio from that game plays.Also, game information 1602 is shown. In the case of this game, forexample, the publisher logo (e.g., “EA” for “Electronic Arts”) and thegame logo, e.g., “Need for Speed Carbon” and an orange horizontal bar(rendered in FIG. 4 as a bar with vertical stripes) indicates inrelative terms the number of people playing or viewing the game at thatparticular moment (many, in this case, so the game is “Hot”). Further“Stats” (i.e. statistics) are provided, indicating that there are 145players actively playing 80 different instantiations of the Need forSpeed Game (i.e., it can be played either by an individual player gameor multiplayer game), and there are 680 viewers (of which this user isone). Note that these statistics (and other statistics) are collected byhosting service control system 401 and are stored on RAID arrays1511-1512, for keeping logs of the hosting service 210 operation and forappropriately billing users and paying publishers who provide content.Some of the statistics are recorded due to actions by the servicecontrol system 401, and some are reported to the service control system401 by the individual app/game server 1521-1525. For example, theapp/game server 1521-1525 running this Game Finder application sendsmessages to the hosting service control system 401 when games are beingviewed (and when they are ceased to be viewed) so that it may update thestatistics of how many games are in view. Some of the statistics areavailable for user interface applications such as this Game Finderapplication.

If the user clicks an activation button on their input device, they willsee the thumbnail video in the yellow box zoom up while continuing toplay live video to full screen size. This effect is shown in process inFIG. 5. Note that video window 1700 has grown in size. To implement thiseffect, the app/game server 1521-1525 requests from the app/game server1521-1525 running the game selected to have a copy of the video streamfor a full screen size (at the resolution of the user's display device422) of the game routed to it. The app/game server 1521-1525 running thegame notifies the shared hardware compressor 1530 that a thumbnail-sizedcopy of the game is no longer needed (unless another app/game server1521-1525 requires such a thumbnail), and then it directs it to send afull-screen size copy of the video to the app/game server 1521-1525zooming the video. The user playing the game may or may not have adisplay device 422 that is the same resolution as that of the userzooming up the game. Further, other viewers of the game may or may nothave display devices 422 that are the same resolution as the userzooming up the game (and may have different audio playback means, e.g.,stereo or surround sound). Thus, the shared hardware compressor 1530determines whether a suitable compressed video/audio stream is alreadybeing generated that meets the requirements of the user requesting thevideo/audio stream and if one does exist, it notifies the outboundrouting 1540 to route a copy of the stream to the app/game server1521-1525 zooming the video, and if not compresses another copy of thevideo that is suitable for that user and instructs the outbound routingto send the stream back to the inbound routing 1502 and the app/gameserver 1521-1525 zooming the video. This server, now receiving a fullscreen version of the selected video will decompress it and graduallyscale it up to full size.

FIG. 6 illustrates how the screen looks after the game has completelyzoomed up to full screen and the game is shown at the full resolution ofthe user's display device 422 as indicated by the image pointed to byarrow 1800. The app/game server 1521-1525 running the game finderapplication sends messages to the other app/game servers 1521-1525 thathad been providing thumbnails that they are no longer needed andmessages to the hosting service control server 401 that the other gamesare no longer being viewed. At this point the only display it isgenerating is an overlay 1801 at the top of the screen which providesinformation and menu controls to the user. Note that as this game hasprogressed, the audience has grown to 2,503 viewers. With so manyviewers, there are bound to be many viewers with display devices 422that have the same or nearly the same resolution (each app/game server1521-1525 has the ability to scale the video for adjusting the fitting).

Because the game shown is a multiplayer game, the user may decide tojoin the game at some point. The hosting service 210 may or may notallow the user to join the game for a variety of reasons. For example,the user may have to pay to play the game and choose not to, the usermay not have sufficient ranking to join that particular game (e.g., itwould not be competitive for the other players), or the user's Internetconnection may not have low enough latency to allow the user to play(e.g., there is not a latency constraint for viewing games, so a gamethat is being played far away (indeed, on another continent) can beviewed without latency concerns, but for a game to be played, thelatency must be low enough for the user to (a) enjoy the game, and (b)be on equal footing with the other players who may have lower latencyconnections). If the user is permitted to play, then app/game server1521-1525 that had been providing the Game Finder user interface for theuser will request that the hosting service control server 401 initiate(i.e., locate and start up) an app/game server 1521-1525 that issuitably configured for playing the particular game to load the gamefrom a RAID array 1511-1512, and then the hosting service control server401 will instruct the inbound routing 1502 to transfer the controlsignals from the user to the app/game server now hosting the game and itwill instruct the shared hardware compression 1530 to switch fromcompressing the video/audio from the app/game server that had beenhosting the Game Finder application to compressing the video/audio fromthe app/game server now hosting the game. The vertical sync of the GameFinder app/game service and the new app/game server hosting the game arenot synchronized, and as a result there is likely to be a timedifference between the two syncs. Because the shared video compressionhardware 1530 will begin compressing video upon an app/game server1521-1525 completing a video frame, the first frame from the new servermay be completed sooner than a full frame time of the old server, whichmay be before the prior compressed frame completing its transmission(e.g., consider transmit time 992 of FIG. 9b : if uncompressed frame 3963 were completed half a frame time early, it would impinge upon thetransmit time 992). In such a situation the shared video compressionhardware 1530 will ignore the first frame from the new server (e.g.,like Frame 4 964 is ignored 974), and the client 415 will hold the lastframe from the old server an extra frame time, and the shared videocompression hardware 1530 will begin compressing the next frame timevideo from the new app/game server hosting the game. Visually, to theuser, the transition from one app/game server to the other will beseamless. The hosting service control server 401 will then notifyapp/game server 1521-1525 that had been hosting the Game Finder toswitch to an idle state, until it is needed again.

The user then is able to play the game. And, what is exceptional is thegame will play perceptually instantly (since it will have loaded ontothe app/game server 1521-1525 from a RAID array 1511-1512 atgigabit/second speed), and the game will be loaded onto a server exactlysuited for the game together with an operating system exactly configuredfor the game with the ideal drivers, registry configuration (in the caseof Windows), and with no other applications running on the server thatmight compete with the game's operation.

Also, as the user progresses through the game, each of the segments ofthe game will load into the server at gigabit/second speed (i.e., 1gigabyte loads in 8 seconds) from the RAID array 1511-1512, and becauseof the vast storage capacity of the RAID array 1511-1512 (since it is ashared resource among many users, it can be very large, yet still becost effective), geometry setup or other game segment setup can bepre-computed and stored on the RAID array 1511-1512 and loaded extremelyrapidly. Moreover, because the hardware configuration and computationalcapabilities of each app/game server 1521-1525 is known, pixel andvertex shaders can be pre-computed.

Thus, the game will start up almost instantly, it will run in an idealenvironment, and subsequent segments will load almost instantly.

But, beyond these advantages, the user will be able to view othersplaying the game (via the Game Finder, previously described and othermeans) and both decide if the game is interesting, and if so, learn tipsfrom watching others. And, the user will be able to demo the gameinstantly, without having to wait for a large download and/orinstallation, and the user will be able to play the game instantly,perhaps on a trial basis for a smaller fee, or on a longer term basis.And, the user will be able to play the game on a Windows PC, aMacintosh, on a television set, at home, when traveling, and even on amobile phone, with a low enough latency wireless connection (althoughlatency will not be an issue for just spectating). And, this can all beaccomplished without ever physically owning a copy of the game.

As mentioned previously, the user can decide to not allow his gameplayto be viewable by others, to allow his game to be viewable after adelay, to allow his game to be viewable by selected users, or to allowhis game to be viewable by all users. Regardless, the video/audio willbe stored, in one embodiment, for 15 minutes in a delay buffer 1515, andthe user will be able to “rewind” and view his prior game play, andpause, play it back slowly, fast forward, etc., just as he would be ableto do had he been watching TV with a Digital Video Recorder (DVR).Although in this example, the user is playing a game, the same “DVR”capability is available if the user is using an application. This can behelpful in reviewing prior work and in other applications as detailedbelow. Further, if the game was designed with the capability ofrewinding based on utilizing game state information, such that thecamera view can be changed, etc., then this “3D DVR” capability willalso be supported, but it will require the game to be designed tosupport it. The “DVR” capability using a delay buffer 1515 will workwith any game or application, limited of course, to the video that wasgenerated when the game or application was used, but in the case ofgames with 3D DVR capability, the user can control a “fly through” in 3Dof a previously played segment, and have the delay buffer 1515 recordthe resulting video and have the game state of the game segmentrecorded. Thus, a particular “fly-through” will be recorded ascompressed video, but since the game state will also be recorded, adifferent fly-through will be possible at a later date of the samesegment of the game.

As described below, users on the hosting service 210 will each have aUser Page, where they can post information about themselves and otherdata. Among of the things that users will be able to post are videosegments from game play that they have saved. For example, if the userhas overcome a particularly difficult challenge in a game, the user can“rewind” to just before the spot where they had their greataccomplishment in the game, and then instruct the hosting service 210 tosave a video segment of some duration (e.g., 30 seconds) on the user'sUser Page for other users to watch. To implement this, it is simply amatter of the app/game server 1521-1525 that the user is using toplayback the video stored in a delay buffer 1515 to a RAID array1511-1512 and then index that video segment on the user's User Page.

If the game has the capability of 3D DVR, as described above, then thegame state information required for the 3D DVR can also be recorded bythe user and made available for the user's User Page.

In the event that a game is designed to have “spectators” (i.e., usersthat are able to travel through the 3D world and observe the actionwithout participating in it) in addition to active players, then theGame Finder application will enable users to join games as spectators aswell as players. From an implementation point of view, there is nodifference to the hosting system 210 to if a user is a spectator insteadof an active player. The game will be loaded onto an app/game server1521-1525 and the user will be controlling the game (e.g., controlling avirtual camera that views into the world). The only difference will bethe game experience of the user.

Another feature of the hosting service 210 is the ability for multipleusers to collaborate while viewing live video, even if using widelydisparate devices for viewing. This is useful both when playing gamesand when using applications.

Many PCs and mobile phones are equipped with video cameras and have thecapability to do real-time video compression, particularly when theimage is small. Also, small cameras are available that can be attachedto a television, and it is not difficult to implement real-timecompression either in software or using one of many hardware compressiondevices to compress the video. Also, many PCs and all mobile phones havemicrophones, and headsets are available with microphones.

Such cameras and/or microphones, combined with local video/audiocompression capability (particularly employing the low latency videocompression techniques described herein) will enable a user to transmitvideo and/or audio from the user premises 211 to the hosting service210, together with the input device control data. When such techniquesare employed, then a capability illustrated in FIG. 7 is achievable: auser can have his video and audio 1900 appear on the screen withinanother user's game or application. This example is a multiplayer game,where teammates collaborate in a car race. A user's video/audio could beselectively viewable/hearable only by their teammates. And, since therewould be effectively no latency, using the techniques described abovethe players would be able to talk or make motions to each other inreal-time without perceptible delay.

This video/audio integration is accomplished by having the compressedvideo and/or audio from a user's camera/microphone arrive as inboundinternet traffic 1501. Then the inbound routing 1502 routes the videoand/or audio to the app/game servers 1521-1525 that are permitted toview/hear the video and/or audio. Then, the users of the respectiveapp/game servers 1521-1525 that choose to use the video and/or audiodecompress it and integrate as desired to appear within the game orapplication, such as illustrated by 1900.

The example of FIG. 7 shows how such collaboration is used in a game,but such collaboration can be an immensely powerful tool forapplications. Consider a situation where a large building is beingdesigned for New York city by architects in Chicago for a real estatedeveloper based in New York, but the decision involves a financialinvestor who is traveling and happens to be in an airport in Miami, anda decision needs to be made about certain design elements of thebuilding in terms of how it fits in with the buildings near it, tosatisfy both the investor and the real estate developer. Assume thearchitectural firm has a high resolution monitor with a camera attachedto a PC in Chicago, the real estate developer has a laptop with a camerain New York, and the investor has a mobile phone with a camera in Miami.The architectural firm can use the hosting service 210 to host apowerful architectural design application that is capable of highlyrealistic 3D rendering, and it can make use of a large database of thebuildings in New York City, as well as a database of the building underdesign. The architectural design application will execute on one, or ifit requires a great deal of computational power on several, of theapp/game servers 1521-1525. Each of the 3 users at disparate locationswill connect to the hosting service 210, and each will have asimultaneous view of the video output of the architectural designapplication, but it will be will appropriately sized by the sharedhardware compression 1530 for the given device and network connectioncharacteristics that each user has (e.g., the architectural firm may seea 2560×1440 60 fps display through a 20 Mbps commercial Internetconnection, the real estate developer in New York may see a 1280×720 60fps image over a 6 Mbps DSL connection on his laptop, and the investormay see a 320×180 60 fps image over a 250 Kbps cellular data connectionon her mobile phone. Each party will hear the voice of the other parties(the conference calling will be handled by any of many widely availableconference calling software package in the app/game server(s) 1521-1525)and, through actuation of a button on a user input device, a user willbe able to make video appear of themselves using their local camera. Asthe meeting proceeds, the architects will be able to show what the buildlooks like as they rotate it and fly by it next to the other building inthe area, with extremely photorealistic 3D rendering, and the same videowill be visible to all parties, at the resolution of each party'sdisplay device. It won't matter that none of the local devices used byany party is incapable of handling the 3D animation with such realism,let alone downloading or even storing the vast database required torender the surrounding buildings in New York City. From the point ofview of each of the users, despite the distance apart, and despite thedisparate local devices they simply will have a seamless experience withan incredible degree of realism. And, when one party wants their face tobe seen to better convey their emotional state, they can do so. Further,if either the real estate develop or the investor want to take controlof the architectural program and use their own input device (be it akeyboard, mouse, keypad or touch screen), they can, and it will respondwith no perceptual latency (assuming their network connection does nothave unreasonable latency). For example, in the case of the mobilephone, if the mobile phone is connected to a WiFi network at theairport, it will have very low latency. But if it is using the cellulardata networks available today in the US, it probably will suffer from anoticeable lag. Still, for most of the purposes of the meeting, wherethe investor is watching the architects control the building fly-by orfor talking of video teleconferencing, even cellular latency should beacceptable.

Finally, at the end of the collaborative conference call, the realestate developer and the investor will have made their comments andsigned off from the hosting service, the architectural firm will be ableto “rewind” the video of the conference that has been recorded on adelay buffer 1515 and review the comments, facial expressions and/oractions applied to the 3D model of the building made during the meeting.If there are particular segments they want to save, those segments ofvideo/audio can be moved from delay buffer 1515 to a RAID array1511-1512 for archival storage and later playback.

Also, from a cost perspective, if the architects only need to use thecomputation power and the large database of New York City for a 15minute conference call, they need only pay for the time that theresources are used, rather than having to own high powered workstationsand having to purchase an expensive copy of a large database.

As illustrated in FIG. 8, using a video camera or by uploading video,the user (whose username is “KILLHAZARD”) is able to post a video ofhimself 2000 that other users can view. The video is stored on a RAIDarray 1511-1512. Also, when other users come to KILLHAZARD's User Page,if KILLHAZARD is using the hosting service 210 at the time, live video2001 of whatever he is doing (assuming he permits users viewing his UserPage to watch him) will be shown. This will be accomplished by app/gameserver 1521-1525 hosting the User Page application requesting from theservice control system 401 whether KILLHAZARD is active and if so, theapp/game server 1521-1525 he is using. Then, using the same methods usedby the Game Finder application, a compressed video stream in a suitableresolution and format will be sent to the app/game server 1521-1525running the User Page application and it will be displayed. If a userselects the window with KILLHAZARD's live gameplay, and thenappropriately clicks on their input device, the window will zoom up(again using the same methods as the Game Finder applications, and thelive video will fill the screen, at the resolution of the watchinguser's display device 422, appropriate for the characteristics of thewatching user's Internet connection.

A key advantage of this over prior art approaches is the user viewingthe User Page is able to see a game played live that the user does notown, and may very well not have a local computer or game console capableof playing the game. It offers a great opportunity for the user to seethe user shown in the User Page “in action” playing games, and it is anopportunity to learn about a game that the viewing user might want totry or get better at.

Camera-recorded or uploaded video clips from KILLHAZARD's buddies 2002are also shown on the User Page, and underneath each video clip is textthat indicates whether the buddy is online playing a game (e.g.,six_shot is playing the game “Eragon” (shown here as Game4) andMrSnuggles99 is Offline, etc.). By clicking on a menu item (not shown)the buddy video clips switch from showing recorded or uploaded videos tolive video of what the buddies who are currently playing games on thehosting service 210 are doing at that moment in their games. So, itbecomes a Game Finder grouping for buddies. If a buddy's game isselected and the user clicks on it, it will zoom up to full screen, andthe user will be able to watch the game played full screen live.

Again, the user viewing the buddy's game does not own a copy of thegame, nor the local computing/game console resources to play the game.The game viewing is effectively instantaneous.

As previously described above, when a user plays a game on the hostingservice 210, the user is able to “rewind” the game and find a videosegment he wants to save, and then saves the video segment to his UserPage. These are called “Brag Clips™”. The video segments 2003 are allBrag Clips 2003 saved by KILLHAZARD from previous games that he hasplayed. Number 2004 shows how many times a Brag Clip has been viewed,and when the Brag Clip is viewed, users have an opportunity to ratethem, and the number of orange (shown here as black outlines)keyhole-shaped icons 2005 indicate how high the rating is. The BragClips 2003 loop constantly when a user views the User Page, along withthe rest of the video on the page. If the user selects and clicks on oneof the Brag Clips 2003, it zooms up to present the Brag Clip 2003, alongwith DVR controls to allow the clip to be played, paused, rewound,fast-forwarded, stepped through, etc.

The Brag Clip 2003 playback is implemented by the app/game server1521-1525 loading the compressed video segment stored on a RAID array1511-1512 when the user recorded the Brag Clip and decompressing it andplaying it back.

Brag Clips 2003 can also be “3D DVR” video segments (i.e., a game statesequence from the game that can be replayed and allows the user tochange the camera viewpoint) from games that support such capability. Inthis case the game state information is stored, in addition to acompressed video recording of the particular “fly through” the user madewhen the game segment was recorded. When the User Page is being viewed,and all of the thumbnails and video windows are constantly looping, a 3DDVR Brag Clip 2003 will constantly loop the Brag Clip 2003 that wasrecorded as compressed video when the user recorded the “fly through” ofthe game segment. But, when a user selects a 3D DVR Brag Clip 2003 andclicks on it, in addition to the DVR controls to allow the compressedvideo Brag Clip to be played, the user will be able to click on a buttonthat gives them 3D DVR capability for the game segment. They will beable to control a camera “fly through” during the game segment on theirown, and, if they wish (and the user who owns the user page so allowsit) they will be able to record an alternative Brag Clip “fly through”in compressed video form will then be available to other viewers of theuser page (either immediately, or after the owner of the user page has achance to the review the Brag Clip).

This 3D DVR Brag Clip 2003 capability is enabled by activating the gamethat is about to replay the recorded game state information on anotherapp/game server 1521-1525. Since the game can be activated almostinstantaneously (as previously described) it is not difficult toactivate it, with its play limited to the game state recorded by theBrag Clip segment, and then allow the user to do a “fly through” with acamera while recording the compressed video to a delay buffer 1515. Oncethe user has completed doing the “fly through” the game is deactivated.

From the user's point of view, activating a “fly through” with a 3D DVRBrag Clip 2003 is no more effort than controlling the DVR controls of alinear Brag Clip 2003. They may know nothing about the game or even howto play the game. They are just a virtual camera operator peering into a3D world during a game segment recorded by another.

Users will also be able to overdub their own audio onto Brag Clips thatis either recorded from microphones or uploaded. In this way, Brag Clipscan be used to create custom animations, using characters and actionsfrom games. This animation technique is commonly known as “machinima”.

As users progress through games, they will achieve differing skilllevels. The games played will report the accomplishments to the servicecontrol system 401, and these skill levels will be shown on User Pages.

To the extent a game is a multiplayer game, then it will be ablecommunicate both to app/game servers 1521-1525 through the inboundrouting 1502 network and, with a network bridge to the Internet (notshown) with servers or game machines that are not running in the hostingservice 210. When playing multiplayer games with computers on thegeneral Internet, then the app/game servers 1521-1525 will have thebenefit of extremely fast access to the Internet (compared to if thegame was running on a server at home), but they will be limited by thecapabilities of the other computers playing the game on slowerconnections, and also potentially limited by the fact that the gameservers on the Internet were designed to accommodate the least commondenominator, which would be home computers on relatively slow consumerInternet connections.

But when a multiplayer game is played entirely within a hosting service210 server center, then a world of difference is achievable. Eachapp/game server 1521-1525 hosting a game for a user will beinterconnected with other app/game servers 1521-1525 as well as anyservers that are hosting the central control for the multiplayer gamewith extremely high speed, extremely low latency connectivity and vast,very fast storage arrays. For example, if Gigabit Ethernet is used forthe inbound routing 1502 network, then the app/game servers 1521-1525will be communicating among each other and communicating to any servershosting the central control for the multiplayer game at gigabit/secondspeed with potentially only 1 ms of latency or less. Further, the RAIDarrays 1511-1512 will be able to respond very rapidly and then transferdata at gigabit/second speeds. As an example, if a user customizes acharacter in terms of look and accoutrements such that the character hasa large amount of geometry and behaviors that are unique to thecharacter, with prior art systems limited to the game client running inthe home on a PC or game console, if that character were to come intoview of another user, the user would have to wait until a long, slowdownload completes so that all of the geometry and behavior data loadsinto their computer. Within the hosting service 210, that same downloadcould be over Gigabit Ethernet, served from a RAID array 1511-1512 atgigabit/second speed. Even if the home user had an 8 Mbps Internetconnection (which is extremely fast by today's standards), GigabitEthernet is 100 times faster. So, what would take a minute over a fastInternet connection, would take less than a second over GigabitEthernet.

System and Method for Managing Voice Channels for Video Game Players andSpectators

One embodiment of the invention supports voice chat sessions betweenspecified groups of video game spectators and participants. Asillustrated in FIG. 9a , in this embodiment of the invention, a chatsubsystem 900 executed on one or more servers within the hosting service210 manages multiple concurrent voice chat channels for each activevideo game. In the particular example shown in FIG. 9a , two players areplaying an online video game on clients 910-911 and three spectators arewatching the video game (or any other type of application) on clients912-914. Thus, as described in the co-pending applications, in responseto user input signals from client devices 910-911, the video game orother type of application 901 is executed by app/game servers 1521-1525and audio/video generated by the video game/application is compressedusing shared audio/video compression module 902. The compressedaudio/video streams are then transmitted to each of the individualclient devices 910-914 as previously described.

In another embodiment, an audio chat subsystem is executed on one ormore servers external to the hosting service 210 connected by a networkconnection to the hosting service 210. In another embodiment, an audiochat subsystem is executed on one or more servers external to thehosting service 210 connected by a network connection to the clientdevices 910-914. In another embodiment, an audio chat subsystem isexecuted on one or more servers external to the hosting service 210connected by a network connection to the hosting service 210 and theclient devices 910-914. In another embodiment, an audio chat subsystemis executed on the client devices 910-914 (e.g., and executed in usingpeer-to-peer communication).

Although compressed audio is generally preferred so as to minimizebandwidth consumption, widely-available broadband connections havereached a point where uncompressed audio (to maintain the highest audioquality) can be carried in a practical configuration. Consequently, inone embodiment, either or both the application/game audio and the chataudio is uncompressed, and for all of the embodiments herein wherein“compressed” audio is referenced (except in regard to handling specificissues related to audio compression), uncompressed audio may besubstituted.

Each of the clients' 910-914 may be equipped with varying degrees ofprocessing power and network connectivity. As such, the sharedaudio/video compression module 902 may perform different levels ofaudio/video compression based on these capabilities prior to streamingthe audio/video of the video game to each of the client devices 910-914.By way of example, a client device 912 with a low-bandwidth connectionmay receive audio/video compressed at a higher ratio than client device914 with a relatively high-bandwidth connection, or a client device 912with limited processing power for decompression may receive audio/videocompressed at a higher ratio than client device 914 with relativelyhigher processing power. These and other compression techniques may beemployed to uniquely compress audio/video content for each individualclient as described in detail in the co-pending applications.

In one embodiment, the chat subsystem 900 establishes and manages avariety of audio chat communication “channels” between groups of activevideo game players on clients 910-911 and game spectators on clients912-914. The chat subsystem 900 may be executed on the same app/gameservers 1521-1525 which execute the online video game 901. However, theunderlying principles of the invention are not limited to thisconfiguration. For example, the chat subsystem 900 may be implemented ona separate server or group of servers, either internal or external tothe hosting service 210 or on one or more client devices 910-914 whilestill complying with the underlying principles of the invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 9a , in one embodiment, the audio chat subsystemreceives packetized audio streams from each of the clients 910-914,processes the audio streams according to the audio channel configuration(as described in detail below), mixes the audio streams for eachchannel, and provides the processed audio streams to the audio/videocompression module 902. The audio/video compression module 902 thentransmits the audio streams (shown in dashed lines) associated with eachchannel to the appropriate set of clients 910-914 as well as thecompressed audio/video of the app or game (shown in straight solidlines).

In an alternate embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9b , the audio streamsprocessed by the chat subsystem 900 (shown in dashed lines) areprocessed and transmitted separately from the video game audio/videoshown in solid straight lines (i.e., bypassing the audio/videocompression module 902 used to compress the video game audio/video). Inanother embodiment, one or more user audio chat streams are transmittedto the chat subsystem using a different device than the client 910-914being used for playing a game (e.g., using a separate audiocommunication channel). For example, if a client device, such as a PC,lacks a microphone, the user may instead use a mobile phone with amicrophone and/or speaker to communicate with chat subsystem 900. Theunderlying principles of the invention are the same regardless ofwhether the audio chat channels are combined with or processedseparately from the video game audio, and/or whether the audio channelsfor a given user all go through a single client device.

As mentioned above, in one embodiment, the chat audio is mixed with theapp/video game audio, such that a client 910-914 receives a single audiostream. In another embodiment where the app/video game audio ismultichannel (e.g. stereo, 5.1 surround, etc.), the chat audio is mixedwith one, several, or all channels and such mixing occurs either withinthe chat subsystem 900, the app/video game 901, the audio and videocompression subsystem 902, in a client 910-914, or in a mixing unitexternal to the aforementioned systems. In another embodiment the chataudio is independent from the app/video game audio, such a client910-914 receives separate audio streams for the app/video game and theaudio chat. Mixing can be implemented using any of many prior art audiomixing techniques including, for example, adding respective samples ofpulse-code modulated (PCM) audio of each audio stream together, with orwithout sample-rate converting of one or both streams together, usingany of many prior art sample-rate conversion techniques (e.g.,resampling a PCM stream using a filter). In one embodiment, the mixing(including how and where the mixing occurs, and what the relative volumeis of the mixed audio streams) is controlled automatically; manually viauser control; by the hosting service 210; by the chat subsystem 900, bythe app/video game 901; by one or more clients 910-914; or by otherhuman or computing means external to aforementioned users and computingsystems and applications.

In one embodiment the app/video game audio is directed to differentaudio playback devices than the audio chat audio. For example, theapp/video game audio may be directed to speakers or headphones on acomputer, TV, tablet or smartphone, while the audio chat audio may bedirected to one or more headsets. In such a configuration, a user couldhear chat conversation privately while others might overhear theapp/video game audio. In a configuration where multiple users aresharing the same screen (e.g. in a multiplayer game where players in thesame room are on different teams), chat audio may be sent to someplayers but not other players. In one embodiment, audio chat is sentseparately from app/video game audio to some client devices, but mixedin others (e.g., if some players in the same room are on differentteams, their chat audio may be separated, while players in the same roomon the same team, or spectators not playing at all, may have their chataudio mixed with the app/video game audio).

In one embodiment, any of many well-known echo cancellation techniquesare employed to mitigate echoing when a microphone used with voice chatis able to detect the voice chat audio output (e.g. from a speaker nearthe microphone). In another embodiment, the voice chat audio is mutedwhen a user is speaking under either manual control (e.g. with a“push-to-talk” system) or under automatic control (e.g. when themicrophone volume level exceeds a specified threshold that would occurwhen the user is speaking).

In one embodiment, the audio chat subsystem 902 determines whether theaudio content contained in the audio packets received from each clientis above a specified energy threshold (i.e., above a specified volume).Packets containing audio with energy below the specified threshold aredropped and not mixed with audio from other clients and provided to theaudio/video compression module 902. The audio packets for each channelwith an energy level above the specified threshold are mixed together bythe audio chat subsystem 900 and broadcast (whether by means ofmulticast, or as multiple unicast streams) to specified groups ofclients. The chat audio may also be mixed with the video game audio inthe embodiment shown in FIG. 9a . In addition to the processingdescribed above, the chat subsystem 900, the app/video game 901, theaudio and video compression subsystem 902 and/or one or more clients910-914 may perform other audio signal processing operations on theaudio streams such as filtering and echo cancellation.

In one embodiment, the processing operations include filters to disguisethe voice of the user. For example, the user may wish to change theirvoice to seem like that of a video game character (e.g., an alien), tochange gender, to hide the user's identity, etc. In one embodiment, someusers hear the user's actual voice, whereas other users hear the user'smodified voice. For example, teammates may hear the user's actual voicewhile opponents or spectators may hear the user's modified voice.

As mentioned briefly above, in one embodiment, the chat subsystem 900establishes different audio chat “channels” for each player andspectator. Users associated with a particular chat channel are able toverbally communicate with other users within the same channel. Thus, oneor more “player channels” may be established and maintained for theparticipants in a particular video game, thereby allowing differentgroups of players to chat with one another during gameplay. For amulti-player video game in which different teams of players compete,separate audio chat channels may be established for each team. Inaddition, the chat subsystem 900 establishes one or more “spectatorchannels” to allow spectators to communicate with other spectatorsand/or with players of the video game. In one embodiment, each playermay choose to participate in a particular player channel and/or aparticular spectator channel while non-players may only participate inspectator channels.

As illustrated in greater detail in FIG. 10, in one embodiment, a servermodule 1010-1014 is executed to enable audio chat sessions with eachindividual client 910-914. The server modules 1010-1014 establish andtear down chat sessions in response to client requests and process theaudio packets as described herein (e.g., dropping packets with audiobelow a specified energy level, performing echo cancellation, etc). Inone embodiment, each chat session is implemented on top of a TCP socketbetween a server and its respective client. However, the underlyingprinciples of the invention are not limited to any particular networkingprotocol. In the specific example shown in FIG. 10, player servers1010-1011 are instantiated to support chat sessions with player clients910-911 and spectating servers 1012-1014 are instantiated to supportchat sessions with spectator clients 912-914. The player and spectatorservers 1010-1014 are established when a user initially opens a chatsession with a particular channel and are torn down when the userdisconnects from the chat session.

As illustrated in FIG. 10, a “node” is a data structure used toassociate a particular player and client with a particular chat channel.Each player/spectator server 1010-1014 is linked to a particularplayer/spectator node 1010 a-1011 a, 1012-1014 within a chat channel1001-1002 (whether a game chat channel or spectating chat channel). Forexample, each node may identify the particular player or spectatorassociated with that node and the particular server currently supportingthe chat session for that player or spectator. Although illustrated asseparate player servers 1010 and 1011 in FIG. 10, both player serversmay be combined into a single server to service both clients 910-911while still complying with the underlying principles of the invention.In the particular example shown in FIG. 10, player nodes 1010 a and 1011a are associated with game chat channel 1001 and player node 1011 b andspectator nodes 1012 a-1014 a are associated with spectating chatchannel 1002. Consequently, both players on clients 910-911 (associatedwith player nodes 1010 a and 1010 b, respectively) may chat over thegame chat channel 1001, while the player on client 911 (associated withplayer node 1011 b) and the spectators on clients 912-914 may chat overthe spectating voice channel 1002. Thus, using the techniques describedherein, a player may choose to participate in one or more player chatchannels and spectating chat channels whereas spectators are limited toparticipation in spectator chat channels. In one embodiment, a spectatormay also be invited and/or permitted to participate in a game chatchannel (i.e., if permitted by one of the players or a systemadministrator). In one embodiment, a spectator may be permitted tolisten to, but not talk on, one or more player channels (e.g., if thespectator's comments might interfere with the game play, or if there aretoo many spectators and the noise might create cacophony).

Each player and/or spectator may open and close audio chat channels viaa set of graphical user interface features provided in the form of aninteractive web page or other type of user interface (UI), whethergraphical, gestural, auditory, etc. For example, as illustrated in FIG.13, a button 1301 (or other graphical selection element) within thegraphical UI may provide the spectator with an option to “join” thespectator chat channel. In one embodiment, another button 1302 may beprovided to allow the spectator to chat with a particular player who hasnot currently joined the spectator channel (assuming that the spectatoris authorized to do so). For example, in one embodiment, a player mayconfigure the chat system to allow the player's “friends” to request anaudio chat session with the player. Thus, if a particular spectator islisted as one of the player's friends, the option to chat with theplayer may be provided (as shown). In one embodiment, if the spectatordoes not have authorization to chat with the player, the button for thisoption 1302 may be grayed out and/or may not be shown in the UI. Variousalternate UI features, for example, controlling the volume of chat audioor muting players who are in noisy environments, may be implemented toenable and/or control chat sessions between spectators and players whilestill complying with the underlying principles of the invention

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, a “coach” audio chat channel 1003has been established between the player of client 910 and a “coach”connected via client 1110 and server 1111. In this embodiment, a “coach”(e.g., an experienced player) may enter into a chat session with another(typically less experienced) player using the coach chat channel 1003.The more experienced player may then coach the less experienced playeras the less experienced player plays the video game. Thus, for thisembodiment, a “coach” node 1112 a is used to associate the coach withthe coach chat channel 1003 and a player node 1010 b is used toassociate the player with the coach chat channel 1003. Consequently, achat audio stream transmitted from client 1110 will be sent to theplayer's client 910 (after audio processing by server 1111) and a chataudio stream transmitted from client 910 will be sent to client 1110(after audio processing by server 1111). As illustrated in FIG. 11, the“coach” user may also join the spectating chat channel 1002 to listenand communicate with spectators to the video game.

In another embodiment the “coach” is a computational entity, such as anaudio subsystem driving by an artificial intelligence system. In anotherembodiment, the “coach” entity, whether computational entity or humanentity, is helping one or more users with a non-video game application,perhaps in an instructional capacity,

Just because a particular player, coach, or spectator is associated witha particular chat channel does not necessarily mean that the player,coach or spectator wants to currently listen to all of the chat audiocommunicated over that channel. Accordingly, in one embodiment, players,coaches, and/or spectators have the ability to mute other players,coaches, and/or spectators (e.g., via a selectable mute option providedwithin the UI). In addition, in one embodiment, players, coaches andspectators are provided with the ability to mute specific users. Forexample, if a particular spectator is taunting a player, then the playercan mute that particular spectator (while still listening to audiocommunication from other spectators). In response to the mute function,the server associated with the player will drop packets from thespectator who has been muted. Of course, the player may choose totemporarily mute the entire spectating channel or remove himself orherself from the chat channel altogether (e.g., so that the user mayconcentrate on the game).

FIG. 12 illustrates one embodiment of the invention in which twoseparate game chat channels (1001 and 1201) are opened for a particularvideo game: a first game chat channel 1001 for a first team, and asecond game chat channel 1201 for a second team. Thus, players playingon “team 1” from clients 910-911 are able to chat with one another viagame chat channel 1001 and players playing on “team 2” from clients1210-1212 are able to chat with one another via game chat channel 1201(i.e., via player servers 1220-1222 and nodes 1220 a-1222 a,respectively). In addition, as illustrated, two separate spectating chatchannels are established: spectating chat channel 1002 and spectatingchat channel 1202. This configuration may be used, for example, tosegregate spectators rooting for the two different teams. For example,the spectators connecting via spectator nodes 912-914 may be rooting forteam 1, and the spectator connecting via client 1213, server 1223 andnode 1224 may be rooting for team 2. In addition, in this particularembodiment the player playing the video game via player server 1222 isassociated with the spectating chat channel 1202 via node 1222 b and isassociated with game chat channel 1201 via player node 1222 a.

The game chat channel architecture described above provides significantflexibility when configuring audio chat channels for each game. Thespecific manner in which game channels, spectator channels, and coachchannels are configured may vary depending on game type and may becontrolled by the game designers and/or administrators of the hostingservice 210 and/or another entity, be it a computing entity such aserver or human entity, such a user or policy administrator. Inaddition, as previously described, players and/or spectators may beprovided with options for controlling their own audio chat sessions andthe audio chat sessions of others (e.g., based on specifiedauthorization levels). In one embodiment, for example, a gameadministrator, perhaps working on behalf of the hosting service, may bedesignated to provide complete control over the game, spectator or coachchat channels and/or the players. In addition, as previously mentioned,each spectator and/or player may limit chat sessions to those playerswith whom the spectator and/or player is “friends” with on the chatservice.

The audio chat architecture described above is capable of supporting avariety of audio chat applications, both for games and applications. Forexample, in one embodiment, moderated spectating chat sessions may beimplemented in which the player being spectated or another designatedplayer becomes a moderator to the spectating channel. This moderator isprovided with the authority to control who is speaking and provides theunique ability for an instructor or celebrity player to discuss a gameas it is being played or an application being taught or demonstrated andto take questions from the players engaged in the spectating voice chatsession. In operation, when the moderator admits a spectator or playerto a chat session, a player/spectator node associated with thatspectator/player is added to the chat channel for that session. Once thenode is established, the moderator is provided with the ability toselect a player, spectator, and/or himself, to speak or ask questions.In one embodiment, those players/spectators who are not currentlyselected to speak are muted (i.e., audio packets received from thoseplayers/spectators are not processed and mixed together to form the chataudio stream for the chat channel and broadcast to otherplayers/spectators). In one embodiment, spectators and/or players areautomatically muted when the moderator is not currently granting thempermission to speak. In this way, audio chat may be controlled in areasonable way, even with hundreds or potentially thousands or more ofspectators.

In another implementation, the chat architecture described herein may beused to support chat sessions between small groups of users. Forexample, the “friends” lists of each of the players of a video game maybe queried to determine a set of spectators who are permitted to chatwith the players via a spectator or player chat channel. In thisimplementation, a private spectator chat channel may be established forthe players' friends and the players and a public chat channel may beestablished for all other spectators. The public chat channel may thenbe moderated as described above to designate the spectators who can chatover the public channel at a given point in time.

In another embodiment, a multi-player spectating chat channel may beestablished that allows the spectating players to not only communicatewith the player that they are currently spectating but the entire set ofplayers in a multiplayer game, or players on a certain team in amultiplayer game. In this embodiment, the spectating players cancommunicate with each other over the spectator chat channel, andcommunicate with all of the players via the multiplayer chat channel forthe game being spectated through the eyes of a single player. Each ofthe players may, of course, mute the multiplayer chat channel or chooseto listen to only certain spectators connected to the multiplayer chatchannel. In one embodiment, each spectating player may choose whichplayer in a multiplayer game they wish to spectate, and may jump fromspectating one player to spectating another, and then another, etc.,even though all spectators are communicating over the same multiplayerspectating chat channel. The player will be able to select which playerto spectate with a Multiplayer Spectating Roster or other mechanism tochange views to a different player. Additionally, the multiplayerspectating voice chat may support both the “coach” mode and moderatedspectating chat session capabilities described above.

In one embodiment, the chat subsystem 900 may assign different prioritylevels to each of the audio chat channels or to individual players andspectators. For example, the player chat channels may be provided with ahigher priority than spectator chat channels. Consequently, the audiopackets received from players within the player chat channel may beprocessed ahead of audio packets received from the spectators, therebyensuring lower latency for the player audio chat channels. Various wellknown quality of server (QoS) packet queuing techniques may beimplemented to ensure that player chat packets receive prioritytreatment over spectator chat packets. This configuration may beparticularly beneficial for certain multi-player games which requireplayers to communicate efficiently (e.g., as part of a team in a“first-person shooter” game).

In one embodiment, a low-latency audio codec is used for audio chatstreams, such as Constrained Energy Lapped Transform (CELT) or otherprior art codecs. In another embodiment, an error-tolerant codec is usedfor audio chat streams. CELT is an example of one in addition to otherprior art codecs. In another embodiment, error correction techniques areused in connection with the audio chat stream, whether compressed oruncompressed, such as any of many prior art techniques, includingforward error correction. In another embodiment, a given codec and/orerror concealment and/or error correction technique is used for thevoice chat stream from the user to the chat subsystem 900 or other voicechat stream destination, as described herein, and after that voice chatstream is processed, mixed and/or transformed, a different codec and/orerror concealment and/or error correction technique is used for thevoice chat stream for delivery to a different user.

In one embodiment, when a first user seeks to connect with a second userwith voice chat, if the second user is unavailable or unwilling toaccept a voice chat session at that time, the first user is so notifiedof the unavailability (either explicitly, or implicitly, e.g., by thefact the chat session is not initiated) and is given an opportunity toleave a voice message for the second user. This capability may also bemade available if the user seeks to connect to a channel associated witha group, e.g., a team of players, that does not or cannot accept a voicechat session, in which case the voicemail would be left for the group,and could be heard by one or all members of the group. In oneembodiment, such voicemail messages would be sent as an email or othermessage (either as an attached or embedded audio file or as a link thatwill play the voicemail message) to the intended recipient(s). In oneembodiment the voicemail would be transcribed with any of many prior artvoice-to-text systems. In one embodiment, such voice-to-text systemswould translate to another language. In another embodiment, suchvoice-to-text systems, whether in the original language or in atranslation, would be presented to the recipient(s) as a voice throughany of many text-to-voice systems.

In one embodiment, a given user's voice chat stream would be translatedto one or more other languages in real-time as the voice is spoken, andpresented in the preferred language(s) to one or all recipients. Inanother embodiment, a given user's voice chat stream would be presentedin text form to one or all users using one of many prior artvoice-to-text systems. In one embodiment, the voice-to-text would betranslated into the preferred language(s) to one or all recipients.

In one embodiment, video chat channels are optionally associated withvoice chat channels. In one embodiment, a video camera, either coupledto the same client 910-914 used for playing a game, using an app and/orspectating a app/video game, or coupled to a separate client 910-914than used by a given user for playing a game, using an app and/orspectating an app/video game, captures the video of a user who ischatting and creates a video stream which is transmitted to the chatsubsystem 900. In an alternative embodiment, a video or image who is notthe user (e.g. a computer-generated character, an prerecorded or liveimage/video, an animation, or a transformation (such as a warping) ofthe video of the user), is presented as a video chat stream instead of avideo of the user. In one embodiment, a computer-generated character ispresented where the character's animation is controlled in whole or inpart by the audio spoken by the user (e.g. the mouth of acomputer-generated character is shaped based on phonemes derived fromthe spoken audio using any of many prior art phoneme recognitiontechniques). In another embodiment, different users will be presentedwith different video streams for the video chat. For example, teammatesmay see the user's actual face, whereas opponents or spectators may seean alternative image or video in the place of the user's actual video.

The video of the voice chat may appear as a window 1900 in FIG. 7 or awindow 2000 in FIG. 8 on the display of another player or spectator. Or,the user may appear full screen. In another embodiment, the video of theuser may be presented through a different client 910-914 than used by agiven user for playing a game, using an app and/or spectating anapp/video game. The video may be opaque, or translucent when it ispresented over existing video on the display. The user that is thesource of the video chat may also have a video window of himself orherself on his or her own display, for example, to be sure the user'sface or body remains within the camera's field of view as captured forthe video chat.

Video chat would normally have an audio chat stream associated with it,and would be subject to the routing and controls described herein withaudio chat streams. For example, a video chat stream from one user maybe enabled or disabled from being viewed by one or many users for any ofthe reasons described herein for an audio chat stream. For example, auser may decide to block a chat stream, or a chat stream may be enabledor blocked because the user is/isn't part of a team, is/isn't a“friend”, as a matter of policy, by a moderator, by an administrator, orwhen a user starts/stops speaking. A “coach” (as a computer-generatedentity or live human entity) may appear in a video window and providehelp or advice to a user for a video game or application.

Because of the higher bandwidth associated with video relative to thatof audio, video chat streams are likely to be compressed. With videochat, as with prior art video teleconferencing systems, minimizinglatency is preferable, but as described in the co-pending applications,the latency requirements of video teleconferencing is not as tight asthe latency requirements for twitch-action video games. As such priorart video teleconferencing codecs can be used in addition to the twitchvideo game-latency codecs described in the co-pending applications.Regardless of the codec used, it is preferable that the latency of theaudio chat stream (e.g. through buffering) would by synchronized withthat of the video chat stream to maintain “lip sync” between the audioand the video.

Once each video chat stream (typically compressed) is received(depending on the embodiment) by the chat subsystem 900, app/video game901, audio video compression 902, client 910-914, or a subsystemexternal to the hosting service 210 and the clients' 910-914, the videowindow from each video chat stream must be merged with (or replaces) thevideo presented to a user receiving the video chat stream. This can beimplemented within the app/game server 1521-1525 in FIG. 3, in the audioand video compression subsystem 902, or in a client 910-914. In the casewhere the video chat stream is compressed, it may be transmitted to agiven user's client 910-914 in compressed form to be decompressed andmerged with the other video presented in a client, or it can betransmitted to a given user's second client 910-914 with the videodecompressed on a second device. For example, the user may be playing avideo game on a TV that lacks a camera, while the video chat session isthrough a mobile phone or tablet with a camera. In one embodiment, thevideo is decompressed by the app/video game 901 or other softwarerunning in connect with the app/video game 901, and the video chatsession is then presented as an overlaid opaque or translucent window,perhaps with a geometric transformation to shape the window, or perhapsdisplacing the entire screen. Or, the same operations in the precedingsentence may be performed by the audio and video compression subsystem902. In the case of the preceding two sentences, the video chat streammay either be merged into the uncompressed app/video game video which isthen compressed as a video stream and sent to one or more clients910-914, or it may remain a separate compressed video stream sent to oneor more clients 910-914.

In one embodiment, only the audio part of a video chat session ispresented to one or more users. This may occur for any of a number ofreasons. For example, the user may not be willing or able to allocatespace on the display (e.g. if it might cover up part of a game or app),the user may not have enough bandwidth for the video stream if it issent separately (or in the case of an app which has little motion, achat video window with a great deal of motion might significantlyincrease the bandwidth (as described in the teachings of the co-pendingapplications), whether or not part of the app/video game video stream),there may be concern that inappropriate video (e.g. nudity) will bepresented, video may only be enabled if the recipient pays for aparticular service tier, etc.

In one embodiment, when a first user seeks to connect with a second userwith voice chat, if the second user is unavailable or unwilling toaccept a video chat session at that time, the first user is so notifiedof the unavailability (either explicitly or implicitly, e.g., by thefact the chat session is not initiated) and is given an opportunity toleave a recorded video message (“video mail”) for the second user. Thiscapability will also be made available if the user seeks to connect to achannel associated with a group, e.g. a team of players, that does notor cannot accept a video chat session, in which case the video mailwould be left for the group, and could be viewed by one or all membersof the group. In one embodiment, such video mail messages would be sentin an email or other form of message (e.g. as an attached or embeddedvideo file, or with a link that will play the video) to the intendedrecipient(s). In one embodiment, the audio portion of the video mailwould be transcribed with any of many prior art voice-to-text systems.In one embodiment, such voice-to-text systems would translate to anotherlanguage. In another embodiment, such voice-to-text systems, whether inthe original language or in a translation, would be presented to therecipient(s) as a voice through any of many text-to-voice systems.

In one embodiment, the various functional modules illustrated herein andthe associated steps may be performed by specific hardware componentsthat contain hardwired logic for performing the steps, such as anapplication-specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”) or by any combinationof programmed computer components and custom hardware components.

In one embodiment, the modules may be implemented on a programmabledigital signal processor (“DSP”) such as a Texas Instruments' TMS320xarchitecture (e.g., a TMS320C6000, TMS320C5000, . . . etc). Variousdifferent DSPs may be used while still complying with these underlyingprinciples.

Embodiments may include various steps as set forth above. The steps maybe embodied in machine-executable instructions which cause ageneral-purpose or special-purpose processor to perform certain steps.Various elements which are not relevant to these underlying principlessuch as computer memory, hard drive, and input devices have been leftout of some or all of the figures to avoid obscuring the pertinentaspects.

Elements of the disclosed subject matter may also be provided as amachine-readable medium for storing the machine-executable instructions.The machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, flashmemory, optical disks, CD-ROMs, DVD ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs,magnetic or optical cards, propagation media or other type ofmachine-readable media suitable for storing electronic instructions. Forexample, the present invention may be downloaded as a computer programwhich may be transferred from a remote computer (e.g., a server) to arequesting computer (e.g., a client) by way of data signals embodied ina carrier wave or other propagation medium via a communication link(e.g., a modem or network connection).

It should also be understood that elements of the disclosed subjectmatter may also be provided as a computer program product which mayinclude a machine-readable medium having stored thereon instructionswhich may be used to program a computer (e.g., a processor or otherelectronic device) to perform a sequence of operations. Alternatively,the operations may be performed by a combination of hardware andsoftware. The machine-readable medium may include, but is not limitedto, floppy diskettes, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magneto-optical disks,ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnet or optical cards, propagation mediaor other type of media/machine-readable medium suitable for storingelectronic instructions. For example, elements of the disclosed subjectmatter may be downloaded as a computer program product, wherein theprogram may be transferred from a remote computer or electronic deviceto a requesting process by way of data signals embodied in a carrierwave or other propagation medium via a communication link (e.g., a modemor network connection).

Additionally, although the disclosed subject matter has been describedin conjunction with specific embodiments, numerous modifications andalterations are well within the scope of the present disclosure.Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for managing chat sessions for onlinevideo games comprising: an online video game execution engine on ahosting service configured to, execute an online video game, in responseto selection of the online video game for game play received from one ormore players over a network; responsively generate audio and video dataof the online video game, the audio and video data being generated basedon input received from the one or more players interacting with theonline video game, wherein the input for the online video game isreceived from remote client devices associated with the one or moreplayers; transmit the generated audio and video data of the online videogame to the remote client devices of the one or more players; a chatsubsystem of the hosting service configured to establish chat sessionswith the one or more players playing the online video game and between acoach and a specific player playing the online video game, the chatsubsystem configured to, establish a plurality of chat channelsincluding, a player channel over which the players participate in chat,wherein the player channel is associated with a particular player and aclient device of the particular player through a corresponding playernode, and a coach channel over which a specific player and a coach ofthe online video game participate in chat, wherein the coach channel isassociated with the coach and a client device of the coach through acorresponding coach node and the specific player is associated with thecoach channel through corresponding player node of the specific player;and manage the plurality of chat channels that includes the playerchannel and the coach channel, concurrently.
 2. The system of claim 1,wherein the chat subsystem further includes, a spectator channel overwhich spectators participate in chat, wherein the spectator channel isassociated with a particular spectator and a client device of theparticular spectator through a corresponding spectator node, wherein theonline video game execution engine is configured to transmit thegenerated audio and video data of the online video game to remote clientdevices of the spectators.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the coachand the client device of the coach are communicatively linked to thespectator channel through the coach node.
 4. The system of claim 1,wherein the coach is a computational entity driven by an artificialintelligence system.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the coach is aspectator or another player.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the coachis provided with an option to control the online video game of theplayer, during game play.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the coachchannel is an audio chat channel or a video chat channel, and whereinthe player channel is an audio chat channel or a video chat channel. 8.The system of claim 1, wherein the chat subsystem is further configuredto extract audio portion of selects ones of the chat, process the audioportion and forward the audio portion to select ones of the players orthe coach, wherein the select ones of the chat are from the playerchannel or the coach channel.
 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the chatsubsystem includes filters, wherein the filters are used to disguise avoice detected in the audio portion.
 10. The system of claim 8, whereinthe chat subsystem includes a voice-to-text conversion logic to convertthe audio portion of the chat to text and wherein the voice-to-textconversion logic includes a translation logic that is configured totranslate audio portion of the chat to text in another language than alanguage in which the audio is spoken.
 11. The system of claim 1,wherein the chat of a player or the coach includes a video of the playeror the coach chatting, the video is provided as a video stream to thechat subsystem.
 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the chat associatedwith the player or the coach channel includes a video of acomputer-generated character, the video capturing animation of thecomputer-generated character in whole or in part based on audio spokenby the respective player or the coach.
 13. The system of claim 1,wherein the chat subsystem is configured to forward a chat stream of thechat to a player on a different client device than a client device usedby the player for playing the video game.
 14. The system of claim 1,wherein when a new player or a new coach is admitted to a chat session,a player or a coach node associated with the new player or the new coachis added to a corresponding player or coach channel for the chatsession.
 15. A method for managing chat sessions for online video gamescomprising: executing an online video game using an online video gameexecution engine of a hosting service, in response to input from one ormore players of the online video game, the executing includesresponsively generating audio and video data of the online video gamebased on the input received from the one or more players interactingwith the online video game using remote client devices and forwardingthe audio and video data of the online video game to respective ones ofthe remote client devices of one or more players for rendering; andestablishing, using a chat subsystem at the hosting service, chatsessions with the one or more players and between a coach and a specificplayer, wherein establishing comprises setting up a plurality of chatchannels and managing the plurality of chat channels concurrently,wherein the plurality of chat channels includes a player channel overwhich the one or more players participate in chat, and a coach channelover which a specific player and a coach participate in chat, whereinmanaging the plurality of chat channels includes assigning a prioritylevel to each of the players, the specific player and the coach thathave joined the corresponding chat sessions, the priority level used toset a priority for processing data packets received from each of therespective players or coach.
 16. The method of claim 15, whereinmanaging the plurality of chat channels further includes providingoptions to allow the one or more players of the online video game tojoin and participate in the chat carried over the player channel. 17.The method of claim 15, wherein establishing the chat sessions furtherincludes establishing a spectator channel over which one or morespectators of the online video game participate in chat.
 18. The methodof claim 17, wherein managing the plurality of chat channels furtherincludes providing options to the coach to participate in the chatcarried over the spectator channel.
 19. The method of claim 15, whereinmanaging the plurality of chat channels further includes, extractingaudio portion of select ones of the chat, processing the audio portionand forwarding the audio portion to select ones of the players or thecoach.
 20. The method of claim 19, further includes filtering the audioportion of the select ones of the chat to disguise a voice captured inthe audio portion, the filtered audio portion forwarded to the selectones of the players or the coach.
 21. The method of claim 15, whereinmanaging the plurality of chat channels further includes, presenting thechat of the players to another player or a second coach that requests tojoin the chat sessions, wherein the player channel and the coach channelallow audio chat or video chat, wherein the chat presented may be theaudio chat or the video chat.
 22. The method of claim 15, whereinmanaging the plurality of chat channels further includes merging a chatof a selective player or the coach with game play data of the onlinevideo game, wherein the chat of the selective player or the coach may bean audio chat or a video chat.